Inate immunity

Immunology is the science that is concern with immune response to foreign challenge or simply study of the body diffence against infection. The ability of an organism to resist infection by pathogens or state of protection against foreign organisms or substances is called immunity (derived from latin term immunies). The array of cells, tissues and organs which carry out this activity constitute the immune system. The immune responses is a complex process and its derived into two categories -innate or native and adaptive or acquired immunity. Innate immunity is a general, non specific immune response which present in all individuals at all times. In contrast to innate immunity adaptive immunity is highly specific to the particular pathogen that induced it. It develops during the lifetime of an individual as a response to infection and adaptation to the infection.Thus , when given pathogen is a new to the host, it is initially recognised by the innate immune system and then the adaptive immune response is activated. Innate immunity is the most ancient form of the defence, found in the most multicellular organisms, while adaptive immunity is recent evolutionary phenomenon, having arisen in vertebrates. Thus, vertebrates are protected by both innate immunity and adaptive immunit

*** Innate immunity

Innate immunity is present since birth, evolutionary primitive and relatively nonspecific.

- It provide the early response defence against pathogens, before adaptive immunity can develop response.

- It is not specific to any one pathogens but rather act against all foreign molecules and pathogens.

- It also dose not rely on privious exposure to a pathogens

- this innate immunity present form birth of organism

- Innate immunity didn't have memory of privious exposure.

- It get active within 1 hr to few hours after exposure of pathogens.

- It is also known as first line of defence-

- Its diversity is limited

- Distribution of this innate immunity found in vertebrates and invertebrates.

- The active cell in innate immunity are phagocytes like macrophages,basophile, neutrophils........etc

*** Adaptive immunity

Adaptive immunity,also known as acquired immunity, is capable of recognition and selectively elimanating specific foreign antigen. 

- It does not come to play until an antigenic challenge to the organism.

It is adapted to recognise, eliminate and remember the foreign antigen.

- adaptive immunity have ability to discriminate among different antigen call antigen specificity.

- adaptive immunity having the ability to recall the privious contact with the foreign antigen and respond to it in a learned manner,with the a more rapid and and larger response known as immunological memory

- adaptive immunity show great diversity to respond to different antigen.

- adaptive immunity having ability of self and non self recognition in which it recognises and respond to molecules that are foreign and to avoid making a response to those molecules that are self .